Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly

Abstract In recent years, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have regained worldwide attention from academia, industries, investors, and governments. The prospect of PEM has turned into reality, with cell vehicles successfully launched in the market. However, today’s remain less competitive than combustion engines batteries, primarily due to their high cost short lifetime, which are significantly affected by electrode assembly (MEA), or “chips” cells. Therefore, many efforts been devoted developing advanced materials manufacturing processes for MEAs. this paper, we critically review progress key MEAs, focusing on how integrate electrodes We also present most designs techniques MEAs discuss possible constraints. Finally, perspectives future R&D directions provided. This aims bridge gaps between academic material research industrial process development. Graphical